Man-Machine interaction is an issue that requires great attention; otherwise, it would affect the effectiveness and efficiency of activities of the systems (machine) and could cause disorder on their working procedure. Legal, political and technical complexities on one hand and human differences in attitudes, beliefs and values on the other hand, have a great influence on the effectiveness of decision making in VTS operating. Today, a great number of regulations are developed or under development about marine safety issues, marine environment protection and marine security at international and national level dimensions; thereupon, workload of VTS operators is increased. In this regard, we are facing “Safety-Based” rules and regulations from international bodies, mainly IMO, IHO, IALA, in which the end users are humans who are doing the job. However, due to the lack of harmonized concept from same subject, there are uncertainties while operating VTS.There are questions to be asked about the actual situation of gathered, recorded, analyzed and processed information for supporting decision making on safety and environmental protection.These questions should be understood in “based on conceptualization” which is never an “objective world” and till there is no enough clarity for understanding the same concepts and suitable cooperation (e.g., technical, political, and managerial and ….), the whole potential of VTS capabilities will not release.When judging about the value of data collection and interpretation, it is necessary to make sure that analytical measures are carry out and the reasons which affect human decision making are fully understood.Due to technological advance and social expectations from VTS functions, today its abilities have considerably changed and it has became a multidimensional means.The article trys to evaluate the background of elements that affect on human performance when working in VTS centers and a model will be introduced about how interactions take place. However, finally the aim is to find a solution to encounter elements that have counter effect on human performance.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

One of the strategies that different governments use in certain circumstances to secure their national interests is to apply the theory of deterrence. Considering that today the main concern of the countries in the region and the great Western powers in the Persian Gulf region is the issue of security, and considering that the Islamic Republic of Iran has always rejected the interference of foreigners in the Persian Gulf region and emphasized on collective and local cooperations. As a result, Iran's views on security in the Persian Gulf and its policies have been shaped by internal factors such as opposition to the presence of foreign powers in the Persian Gulf region. The general result of these factors has led Iran to oppose any role for foreign powers, especially the United States, in the security arrangements in the Persian Gulf. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and using the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism and the theory of defensive realism, Iran's strategy in providing security in the Persian Gulf region has been studied.

One of missions of political systems has been to establish security in country for which they have created organizations and authorities. To establish social stability, prevent from revolts, combat theft and robbery, create order within cities and provide security for people are the significant responsibilities of security agents. Given the traditional structure of Qajar government and before creation of new civilization institutions for security, such as police, gendarmerie, Cossack Brigade and so on, the method of providing security in cities was the same as previous traditional ones which was enforced by ruler, sheriff, warden, guard, toll man, troopers etc. By using descriptive-analytical method and by referring to historical sources, this article examines the method of providing order and security in and out of cities in pre-Constitutional Revolution Qajar Era, and the traditional security authorities in this era has been explored. The findings indicate that security, particularly in combating theft and robbery was a significant issue and it was conducted by applying violent methods and hard punishments but the desirable and institutionalized security was not created due to the lack of efficiency of traditional security institutions and administrational corruption.

The main topic of the article is to examine the relationship between national security governance and foreign policy and how they affect each other's formation. To examine this relationship and their influence on each-other, four fundamental questions of national security governance and four missions of foreign policy have been described. The findings of the research show that the political system plays an essential role in the formation of both variables, and within them, national security governance system and foreign policy strengthen and develop each other. They are organized in the form of a spectrum from authoritarian systems to cooperative systems. Each of the political systems to the degree of closeness to the authoritarian or cooperative system form a specific type of national security governance system and foreign policy, which are completely different from each other. Cooperative systems have a broad definition of survival and seek the liberation of human beings, and despite the variety of security threats, they have limited and bottom-up security issues that are formed by persuading citizens. To solve these issues, the government is looking for a transition from “government” to “governance”. Such a system pursues a cooperative foreign policy in the international community and while providing maximum support for the security of citizens, it also pays considerable attention to the security of other human beings.

In the era of information technology and the expansion of global networks, digital document management systems play a crucial role in providing services. The use of digital instead of paper documents has become more common to reduce the administrative costs in small and large organizations. One of the most significant concerns of such systems, though, is the security of documents against alteration or distortion. There are various ways to increase the security of digital documents and this paper is aimed at providing a new framework of the combination of steganography and cryptography to increase the security of digital documents.The proposed method first has been tested and reviewed with MATLAB 2018 software on standard images such as Lena, Baboon and Pepper. Then, it has been tested on digital documents of the Social Security Organization through the proposed conceptual model which utilizes a combination of unique image features to generate messages. The evaluation of results indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method and its applicability in digital document management systems.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify ways of providing manuscripts in Iran, and to offer solutions for solving the problems in this area. Methodology: In this study, library method was used in order to studying previous researches and the methods and experiences of important libraries were used in the field of manuscripts. Findings: Buy, dedication, donation, transfer (Trust Fund) and preparing manuscripts digitally and exchange are the most important methods for providing manuscripts. War, plunder, transport, government neglect and courtiers, scattered manuscripts, lack of funding, presence of professional dealers and auctioneers, false advertising of foreigners and their deceived factors within the country and exploiting foreign speculators, political and administrative problems, evaluation problems and lack of expert are barriers and problems of providing. Establishing Canters for Manuscripts management, forming providing committees and donor's staff, activating ancient manuscripts Community and staff scan Services of manuscripts are proposed solutions to the current problems. Conclusion: Promoting people awareness especially collectors and dedication of all those involved in the governmental sector, public and private, to help preserve manuscripts collectors and incentive programs are important components to save the written heritage of the country.

In Imam Ali (AS)'s intellectual dictionary, social security is a multiple and multidimensional concept, and for this reason, its roots can be seen from the world of politics to the world of economics and the heart of the social system. This research is carried out with an analytical approach in the political and social ideas of Imam Ali (AS) in order to discover his theoretical insight about the strategies of providing social security in the rule of Imam Ali (AS. ( In this research, library method and historical and narrative studies have been used to collect data. The qualitative method of contextual theory has also been used to analyze the data. The findings of this study illustrate the conditions and processes that are needed to ensure and maintain social security at the micro and macro levels. Analysis of historical and narrative data shows that Imam Ali (AS) has adopted various strategies to ensure social security in society. According to narrative data from the behavior and speech of Imam Ali (AS), it can be said that he has adopted four main situational, social, correctional and criminal strategies to ensure social security and deal with insecurity. In the field of social security in the context of society, examples of various social, political, economic and military contexts have been proposed, which show the complexity of social security and the need to use different capacities to provide it. Finally, the data show that in the security strategies of Imam Ali (AS), the comprehensive security domain is the most important consequence and security performance of the Imam.